Outcomes (weight loss)
Meta-analyses and multi-center cohorts report mean Total Body Weight Loss (%TBWL) in the range of 13–17% at 12 months, with variability across patient selection, technique, and follow-up adherence.
Durability
Longer-term series (3–5 years) report meaningful weight-loss maintenance in adherent cohorts, with some weight regain over time — consistent with obesity's chronic nature.
Safety
Reported serious adverse event rates in published series are low relative to surgical bariatric procedures. Common minor events include nausea, abdominal pain, and reflux symptoms in the early weeks.
Comparative evidence: ESG vs surgical sleeve
Sleeve gastrectomy generally produces greater average weight loss; ESG offers a less invasive profile and preserves gastric anatomy. Trade-offs are patient-specific.
Comparative evidence: ESG vs GLP-1
GLP-1 receptor agonists produce substantial weight loss during ongoing treatment; discontinuation is associated with regain in many patients. ESG is a one-time procedure with different risk and adherence profiles. Combined use is discussed in emerging literature.
Metabolic effects
Weight loss after ESG has been associated with improvements in markers relevant to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hepatic steatosis in observational studies. Outcomes are variable.
For source lists, see References and Sources & Verification.
Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery
Last reviewed: June 1, 2026
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